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English 10: Class Notes   February 16, 2000

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Review of the Uses of the Gerund

Write a sentence using a gerund noun (single) as a subject. You may not use “to be” verb or “to have”. Student samples below.

bulletSwimming makes (develops) strong and smooth muscles.
bulletMeetings helped me to find a job. (doesn’t quite work)
bulletEnjoying music relaxes me.
bulletWorking makes me crazy.
bulletWorking every day makes me crazy. (gerund phrase subject)
bulletListening helps me to understand. (The feeling in this is more “active” and may apply to a specific situation)
bulletTo listen helps me to understand. (The feeling in this is more “general” and so applies to most situations) (This one has the same grammar at both ends, so it is more balanced in the sentence and more formal) NOTE: not a gerund!
bulletHiking gives us pleasure.
bulletExercising gives us energy.
bulletEating gives us joy

Write a sentence using the gerund as a subject complement.

bulletMy brother’s favourite activity is reading. What he really enjoys is reading a good book. (first is single gerund; second is gerund phrase)
bulletWhat I need is working hard at language. (a bit awkward)
bulletMy favourite memory is my wedding. (not a gerund exactly)
bulletMy favourite memory is skating on the icy canals near my home.
bulletWhat I really enjoy is dancing all night long.
bulletMy favourite entertainment is going to movies.

Types of Sentences: Review of their uses

Reading increases our knowledge, and writing gives us practice. (compound) We put compound sentences together when we with to compare two things. Or, we do it because what we describe has more than one feature.

Although reading increases our knowledge, to read too much decreases our social skills. (complex) A complex sentence helps us express complicated or related ideas.

When you wish to be clearly understood, use a simple sentence. Or, when you wish to emphasize, use one as well.

When you see good writing, it has been constructed to help you understand the ideas the writer wants to convey. Everything the writer does is for a purpose. A short sentence shocks us. A long sentence, with its complex ideas and dependent clauses, communicates more difficult ideas because it has more space to put them in.

Some thoughts on punctuation:

bulletI came. I saw. I conquered. 
bulletI came; I saw; I conquered. 
bulletI came, I saw, I conquered. 

The punctuation of these three has an effect on the ear of the reader. The first sounds more emphatic and final. The last is more like a list and is read more quickly. Each is grammatically correct.

 

 

 

 

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